US 5.56 x 45 mm peluru dikeluarkan pada 2005, 2006, 2007, & 2008 di Loji Peluru, Kemerdekaan Tentera Lake City, Missouri, Amerika Syarikat (US 5.56 x 45 mm ammunition manufactured in 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008 at the Lake City Army Ammunition Plant, Independence, Missouri, US (image from www.conflictarm.com)
Cayman - Analisis katrij yg digunakan oleh militan Negara Islam di Iraq & Syria menunjukkan bahawa peluru terbaru mereka adalah berasal dari Amerika. China dan Kesatuan Soviet telah dikenal pasti sebagai sumber terbesar senjata, tetapi dengan peluru dibuat 25 tahun lalu.
Konflik Persenjataan Penyelidikan (CAR) kumpulan dianalisis asal-usul beberapa 1,700 katrij kecil berkaliber yang dikumpul dari kawasan di Syria dan Iran di mana ISIS sedang beroperasi.
Yang Munisi dikumpulkan di 2 lokasi di utara Syria (Gatash dan Avdoké) pada bulan Julai dan di 2 lokasi di utara Iraq (Pergunungan Sinjar dan lokasi antara Al Kuweyr dan Hawerah) pada bulan Ogos.
Dalam kedua-dua Syria dan Iraq, pasukan CAR rapat bekerjasama dgn Peshmerga Kurdish daya pertahanan diri, yg membenarkan mereka utk mengumpul bahan dari bekas kedudukan Negara Islam.
MOST Recent ISIS munitions US-MADE during IRAQ OCCUPATION - Study
An analysis of cartridges used by Islamic State militants in Iraq and Syria shows that their newest ammunition is of American origin. China and the Soviet Union were identified as the biggest sources of munitions, but with bullets made 25 years ago.
The Conflict Armament Research (CAR) group analyzed the origin of some 1,700 small-caliber cartridges collected from areas in Syria and Iran where ISIS is operating.
The ammunitions were collected in two locations in northern Syria (Gatash and Avdoké) in July and in two locations in northern Iraq (the Sinjar Mountains and a location between Al Kuweyr and Hawerah) in August.
In both Syria and Iraq, the CAR team closely cooperated with Kurdish Peshmerga self-defense forces, which allowed them to collect material from former Islamic State positions.
image from www.conflictarm.com
Sama sekali, CAR didokumenkan peluru dihasilkan di 21 buah negara, dengan tarikh pengeluaran antara 1945 - 2014.
Kebanyakan peluru yang dihasilkan sama ada dalam the1970s dan 80-an, atau dalam tahun 2000-an, biasanya dihasilkan di China, Serbia, Kesatuan Soviet/Rusia dan Amerika Syarikat.
Kebanyakan peluru pulih di Syria adalah "kebanyakannya pembuatan China dan Soviet," dan tarikh kembali ke tahun 1970-an dan 80-an. Katrij dikumpul di Iraq, dengan perbandingan, terutamanya Amerika Syarikat dihasilkan 5.56 x 45 mm katrij yang digunakan di Amerika Syarikat yang dibekalkan M16 dan M4 senapang serangan. Pada masa penjajahan Amerika Syarikat ke atas Iraq, pasukan perta-hanan dan keselamatan negara bersenjatakan senjata-senjata ini.
Hampir 20 % peratus daripada semua katrij diperiksa telah dibuat di Amerika Syarikat semasa pendudukan Amerika Syarikat, apabila Washington tlh mening-katkan keupayaan ketenteraan Baghdad berikutan penyingkiran Saddam Hussein.
Sebagai contoh, katrij dihasilkan di Lake City Tentera Peluru Loji dlm Indepen-dence, Missouri, telah dikumpulkan daripada jawatan ISIS di utara Iraq. Tasik Bandar Tentera Peluru Loji adalah US kemudahan milik kerajaan yg dikendalikan oleh Alliant Techsystems (ATK).
Altogether, CAR documented ammunition manufactured in 21 countries, with dates of production ranging from 1945 to 2014.
Most of the ammunition was produced either in the1970s and 80s, or in the 2000s, most commonly manufactured in China, Serbia, Soviet Union/Russia and the US.
Most of the ammunition recovered in Syria is “predominantly of Chinese and Soviet manufacture,” and dates back to the 1970s and 80s. Cartridges collected in Iraq, by comparison, are mainly US-manufactured 5.56 x 45 mm cartridges used in US-supplied M16 and M4 assault rifles. At the time of the US-led occupation of Iraq , the country’s defense and security forces were armed with these weapons.
Nearly 20 percent of all cartridges examined were made in the US during the US occupation, when Washington was boosting Baghdad’s military capabilities following the ouster of Saddam Hussein.
For example, cartridges manufactured at the Lake City Army Ammunition Plant in Independence, Missouri, were collected from ISIS positions in northern Iraq. The Lake City Army Ammunition Plant is a US government-owned facility operated by Alliant Techsystems (ATK).
US 5.56 x 45 mm peluru dikeluarkan pada 2005, 2006, dan 2007 di Lake City Tentera Peluru Loji, Kemerdekaan, Missouri, Amerika Syarikat. Tasik Bandar Tentera Peluru Loji adalah kemudahan Kerajaan AS milik dikendalikan oleh Alliant Techsystems (US 5.56 x 45 mm ammunition manufactured in 2005, 2006, and 2007 at the Lake City Army Ammunition Plant, Independence, Missouri, US. The Lake City Army Ammunition Plant is a US Government-owned facility operated by Alliant Techsystems (ATK) (image from www.conflictarm.com)
"Tentera IS nampaknya telah memperolehi sebahagian besar dpd senjata semasa mereka daripada kongsi yg disita daripadanya, atau ditinggalkan oleh, pertahanan dan keselamatan pasukan Iraq," kata laporan itu.
Kumpulan Negara Islam di Iraq dan Syria juga menggunakan peluru buatan Iran, bertarikh dari 2006 hingga 2013 kerana Majlis Keselamatan PBB pada tahun 2006 dilarang Tehran dari mengeksport peluru, penemuan ini boleh dianggap sebagai melanggar Resolusi PBB 1737.
“IS forces appear to have acquired a large part of their current arsenal from stocks seized from, or abandoned by, Iraqi defense and security forces,” the report said.
The Islamic State groups in Iraq and Syria are also using Iranian-made ammunition, dated from 2006 to 2013. As the UN Security Council in 2006 prohibited Tehran from exporting ammunition, this discovery could be regarded as a violation of UN Resolution 1737.
Pengeluar senjata yang digunakan oleh Negara Islam adalah: (The producers of munitions used by the Islamic State are):
image from www.conflictarm.com
Peluru yang dihasilkan di Rusia terdiri daripada dua jenis utama. Terdapat 7.62 x 54R mm peluru, yang dipasarkan oleh Sporting Supplies berpangkalan di Amerika Syarikat Antarabangsa di bawah jenama WOLF. Ini Munisi dihasilkan di Rusia digunakan untuk diedarkan secara meluas oleh kerajaan Amerika Syarikat kepada negeri-negeri yang bersekutu di rantau ini.
Terdapat juga telah berdaftar standard buatan Russia katrij dihasilkan baru-baru ini, yg boleh diperolehi oleh militan daripada yang ditawan depot tentera2 darat syria.
Sebagai contoh, 7.62 x 54R mm kartrij berbingkai buatan Russia yang bekerja di PKM-pola umum guna mesingan dikumpulkan dari kedudukan IS dan dikilangkan di LVE Novosibirsk Cartridge Loji pada 2012 dan 2013.
Sementara itu, 7.62 x 39 mm peluru yang digunakan dalam senapang serangan Kalashnikov-corak, sejenis peluru didapati kerap di seluruh rantau Timur Tengah, menyumbang hanya 5 % peratus daripada katrij dihasilkan selepas 2010.
The munitions produced in Russia consist of two major types. There is 7.62 x 54R mm ammunition, which is marketed by US-based Sporting Supplies International under the brand name WOLF. These ammunitions produced in Russia used to be widely distributed by the US government to allied states in the region.
There have also been registered standard Russian-made cartridges produced very recently, which could have been obtained by militants from captured Syrian Army military depots.
For example, the Russian-made 7.62 x 54R mm rimmed cartridges employed in PKM-pattern general-purpose machine guns were collected from IS positions and manufactured at the LVE Novosibirsk Cartridge Plant in 2012 and 2013.
Meanwhile, 7.62 x 39 mm ammunition used in Kalashnikov-pattern assault rifles, a type of ammunition found frequently across the Middle East region, accounted for only 5 percent of the cartridges manufactured after 2010.
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